英语
the personal computer was a revolution in information technology that spawned a $50 billion hardware business with another $30 billion in software and peripherals (e.g. mouse keyboard printer etc. ) by 199. during its short 15 years the industry evolved through three successive periods. during its first 5 to 6 years it was characterized by explosive growth and multiple small competitors vying for a piece of the market. from 1981 to 1985 the industry became a battle for standards and retail shelf space. the third eras was one of increasing fragmentation. from 1986 through 1991-1992 new manufacturers from around the world granted from the industry leaders as new channels of distribution emerged and product innovation as well as revenue growth slowed
during the early years of the industry venture capital in the u.s. encouraged the entry of new firms that offered products in every conceivable shape and size. by 1980 new entrants flooded the market prompting distinct standards and unique technical features. almost every firm had a different configuration of hardware and software. the first pc had relatively little speed or memory. however even these earl computers allowed managers to perform tasks that were very time consuming.
1. when did the pc industry start?
a. around 1981
b. around 1966
c. around 1976
d. around 1992
【答案】c。细节题。根据文段第一段的第三行，我们可以知道到1991年的时候这个pc的发展，然后文段提到这个过程历经了15年，所以1991-15=1976，故1976年是pc行业开始发展。因此答案选c。其他abd选项不符合题意。
2. what happened in the third era?
a. the small companies experienced a harsh life
b. people preferred pcs of big brands
c. the big companies didn’t earn as much as they did the past two periods
d. the companies made standard on the configuration
【答案】c。细节题。根据文段提到的“the third eras was one of increasing fragmentation”。a项提到小公司正在经历这一个艰难的时刻，这应该是第二阶段在这个行业的主要特征。b项在文段中并没有完全提及。d项提到的标准问题也是在第二阶段的主要特征。因此答案选c。
3. what was impossible during the early years of the industry?
a. sharing applications between machines
b. programming on the computer
c. writing contracts the computer
d. buying keyboards and printers
【答案】c。是非题。根据文段提到的“the third eras was one of increasing fragmentation”。a项提到小公司正在经历这一个艰难的时刻，这应该是第二阶段在这个行业的主要特征。b项在文段中并没有完全提及。d项提到的标准问题也是在第二阶段的主要特征。因此答案选c。
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